Blood velocity in human arteries measured by a bidirectional ultrasonic doppler flowmeter

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Abstract
Blood velocities in 12 arteries were recorded by an ultrasonic doppler flowmeter in 11 young adults. Two major types of velocity patterns existed at rest. In certain arteries (the common carotid, the external carotid, the superficial temporal and the proper palmar digital arteries) flow was towards the periphery throughout the entire pulse cycle. Other arteries (the common femoral, the popliteal, the posterior tibial and the pedal artery) exhibited retrograde flow in part of the pulse cycle. In each individual a spontaneous variation between these 2 velocity patterns was observed in the subclavian, the axillary, the brachial and the radial artery. The velocity pattern of each artery is described, and absolute blood velocities at recognizable instances during the pulse cycle are given. The influence of peripheral resistance on the velocity pattern was investigated by reactive hyperemia of the femoral artery. Not only is there an upward displacement of the resting femoral curve relative to the line of zero, but the shape of the velocity pattern is also changed. Peripheral resistance is of major importance not only for the mean velocity, but also for the shape of the velocity pattern in the artery.