The grasshopper X chromosome

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Abstract
The sub-stages of spermatocyte interphase (G1, S and G2) have been identified in the grasshopper Brachystola magna using E.M. autoradiography and serial thin sectioning techniques. The X chromosome occupies a nuclear envelope bound compartment separate from an autosome compartment during G1 and S. At G2 the X compartment is resolved by coalescence of the membranes enveloping the X chromosome and autosome compartments. — At G1 and S, the compartmentalized X chromatin is laced with nuclear membrane material. This X chromatin associated membrane decreases in amount as the cell passes through G2 and enters early meiotic prophase. There are at least 2 and possibly 3 states of condensation of the heterochromatic X during premeiotic interphase and early meiotic prophase correlated with the presence or absence of membrane material associated with the chromatin. — The X chromatin replicates asynchronously with autosomal euchromatin and synchronously with autosomal heterochromatin associated with nucleoli. The X chromatin replication appears to be associated with the nuclear membrane. — The observations indicate that the nuclear membrane is involved with X chromosome condensation and may be implicated in asynchronous X chromosome replication as well.