Uneven effect of random noise in magnetotelluric apparent resistivity definitions

Abstract
In the magnetotelluric method, measurements of electromagnetic fields on the surface of the earth are used to investigate the subsurface distribution of electrical resistivity from depths of a few meters to hundreds of kilometers. In the initial stage of interpretation, the measurements are conveniently normalized and expressed in terms of apparent resistivity. The formula to normalize the measurements was derived by Cagniard (1953) in the classical paper where he also established the principles of the method.

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