Abstract
A mathematical model is developed with which the reading from a piezometer ring may be predicted from the individual wall static measurements and from this the conventional form of ring is shown to be unreliable in asymmetrical flow. An alternative form of ring known as the Triple-T is analysed and shown to provide a true mean pressure in all cases. It is recommended that this form be used in all future test work. Tests demonstrating the validity of the theory are described.

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