Abstract
Linkage imposes severe restrictions on kinds of recombinations when gene differences exceed 2 per cross-over segment. Restriction in an F2 approximates [image] when n = number of gene differences per cross-over segment and N = number of such segments. This restriction is in addition to that imposed by frequencies. It represents the upper limit of total recombination which may be achieved in an infinitely large F2. The actual recombination in natural or artificial species hybrids is an infinitesimal fraction of total imaginable recombination.