Endoscopic Ultrasound Added to Mediastinoscopy for Preoperative Staging of Patients With Lung Cancer

Abstract
Up to 40% of thoracotomies performed for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are reported to be unnecessary due to imperfect preoperative staging.1,2 Accurate preoperative staging is important in identifying those patients who will benefit from surgical resection.3,4 Patients with lymph node metastases (N2/N3) are not considered eligible for surgical resection, except for minimal N2 disease. All currently available staging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) of the thorax, positron emission tomography (PET), transbronchial needle aspiration, and mediastinoscopy, have limited accuracy in selecting those lung cancer patients without regional lymph node metastases.5,6