The Response of a Hemispheric Multi-Level Model Atmosphere to Forcing by Topography and Stationary Heat Sources in Summer

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Abstract
The stationary planetary waves responding to forcing by topography and stationary heat sources in summer are investigated by means of a steady-state, linear, quasi-geostrophic, 34-level model, with Rayleigh friction, the effect of Newtonian cooling and the horizontal kinematic thermal diffusivity included in a spherical coordinate system. The results show that the main stationary planetary waves responding to forcing by both topography and heat sources in summer are confined to the troposphere over the subtropics. A secondary peak of the maximum amplitude is also found in the upper troposphere at high latitudes for zonal wave numbers κ=1 and κ=2. The amplitude of stationaryplanetary waves responding to forcing by heat sources is larger than that responding to forcing by topography. In this computation, the role of refractive index square of stationary planetary waves in summer is also discussed in order to make clear the differences of response of a model atmosphere to forcing in cases of winter and summer.