The determination of the residual strains and stresses in a tungsten inert gas welded sheet of IN718 superalloy using neutron diffraction

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Abstract
The residual stress state in a tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded sheet of IN718, a high-strength nickel-based superalloy, has been characterized using neutron diffraction. The measurements were performed using a time-of-flight diffractometer, which allowed lattice strains from the γ-γ′ {111} and γ-γ′ {311} composite peaks to be compared with the Reitveld-refined spectra. Residual stresses were estimated using plane-specific values of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for the {311} and {111} peaks, and the macroscopic material response for the Reitveld-refined data. These values were obtained from a theoretical analysis of existing data after Kröner. The weld considered was an autogenous TIG weld 180mm long placed centrally on to a 2mm × 100mm × 200mm solution heat-treated sheet of IN718. The strain was mapped over the central 140mm of the plate; within this region, the measured strains were almost constant along the length, with the peak bulk longitudinal strain of 1700 × 10-6 detected 4mm from the weld centre, in the heat-affected zone. The corresponding peak longitudinal stress was 270 MPa, and the tensile region 11 mm wide, with the longitudinal residual stresses typically up to 2.5 times greater than those in the transverse direction. It was also found that, while in-weld stresses derived from analysis of single peaks may be incorrect due to textural and compositional effects, those derived from Reitveld refinement of the entire spectrum showed reasonable agreement with those obtained from incremental hole drilling measurements made with the Matthar-Soete method.