Cellular activation of latent transforming growth factor beta requires binding to the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor type II receptor.

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Abstract
The activation of latent transforming growth factor beta (LTGF-beta) normally seen in cocultures of bovine aortic endothelial and bovine smooth muscle cells can be inhibited by coculturing the cells with either mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) or antibodies directed against the cation-independent Man-6-P/insulin-like growth factor type II receptor (anti-Man-6-PR). This result was established by measuring the ability of coculture conditioned medium (formed with or without Man-6-P or anti-Man-6-PR) to suppress bovine aortic endothelial cell migration and protease production, activities previously shown to be related to transforming growth factor beta activity. The inhibition by Man-6-P is dose dependent, with maximal inhibition seen at 100 microM and is specific because mannose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate do not interfere with activation of LTGF-beta. The inhibitory effect of anti-Man-6-PR is also specific and dose dependent; maximal inhibition of activation occurs at 400 micrograms/ml. Control experiments indicate that Man-6-P and anti-Man-6-PR do not interfere with the basal level of migration of bovine aortic endothelial cells, the migration observed when exogenous transforming growth factor beta is added, the activation of transforming growth factor beta by plasmin or transient acidification, and the release of LTGF-beta. Thus, binding to the cation-independent Man-6-P/insulin-like growth factor type II receptor appears to be a requirement for activation of LTGF-beta.