Attractant for a Beneficial Insect and Its Parasitoids: Pheromone of the Predatory Spined Soldier Bug, Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) 1

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Abstract
A mixture of ( E )-2-hexenal, α-terpineol, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, and benzyl alcohol attracts adults of the predaceous spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say). The male-produced pheromone contains (+)-α-terpineol; however, (−)-α-terpineol is not inhibitory to the bug, so artificial pheromone can be made with racemic α-terpineol. Four parasitic species use the pheromone as a kairomone and two of these parasitoids are partially inhibited by (−)-α-terpineol. This is the first artificial long-range pheromone for a member of the true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and the first such pheromone for a nonsocial predaceous insect.