Differences in optical properties between healthy and pathological human colon tissues using a Ti:sapphire laser: an in vitro study using the Monte Carlo inversion technique

The purpose of the study is to analyze and compare differences in the optical properties between normal and adenomatous human colon tissues in vitro at 630-, 680-, 720-, 780-, 850-, and $890-nm$ wavelengths using a Ti:sapphire laser. The optical parameters of tissue samples are determined using a double integrating sphere setup at seven different laser wavelengths. The inverse Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine the optical properties from the measurements. The results of measurement show that the optical properties and their differences vary with a change of laser wavelength for normal and adenomatous colon mucosa/submucosa and normal and adenomatous colon muscle layer/chorion. The maximum absorption coefficients for normal and adenomatous human colon mucosa/submucosa are $680nm$, and the minimum absorption coefficients for both are $890nm$. The maximum difference of the absorption coefficients between both is 56.8% at $780nm$. The maximum scattering coefficients for normal and adenomatous colon mucosa/submucosa are $890nm$, and the minimum scattering coefficients for both are $780nm$. The maximum difference of the scattering coefficients between both is 10.6% at $780nm$. The maximum absorption coefficients for normal and adenomatous colon muscle layer/chorion are $680nm$, and the minimum absorption coefficients for both are $890nm$. The maximum difference of the absorption coefficients between both is 47.9% at $780nm$. The maximum scattering coefficients for normal and adenomatous colon muscle layer/chorion are $890nm$, and the minimum scattering coefficients for both are $680nm$. The maximum difference of the scattering coefficients between both is 9.61% at $850nm$. The differences in absorption coefficients between normal and adenomatous tissues are more significant than those in scattering coefficients.