Super-Weakly Interacting Particles and the Formation of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies

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Abstract
We investigate whether adiabatic perturbations of massive neutrinos grow enough, during the matter-dominated era before and after decoupling, to explain the formation of clusters of galaxies, using the upper bounds on the small scale temperature fluctuations of the cosmic background radiation. The results are negative and similar constraints are derived for other super-weakly interacting particles. If we assume that the initial perturbations scale as δ∼M-1/2-n/6, then no objects form before z=3.78 for n=1, constant curvature fluctuations, whatever super-weakly interacting particle is introduced.

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