Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and the relationships of physical fitness to plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels in men and women

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Abstract
Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and the relationships of physical fitness to plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels in men and women. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 692-697, 1999. Purpose: A high level of cardiovascular fitness is generally associated with a plasma lipoprotein-lipid profile predictive of a low cardiovascular disease risk. We have investigated whether apolipoprotein (apo) E polymorphism could alter the relationships of physical fitness to plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels in a sample of healthy untrained subjects (64 premenopausal women and 65 men). Methods: Subjects were grouped according to gender and apo E phenotype determined by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. Results: In both genders, V̇O2max expressed in mL·kg−1·min−1 was negatively correlated with plasma triglyceride levels in apo E2 carriers and apo E3 homozygotes (−0.55 ≤ r ≤ − 0.31; P < 0.05), whereas these associations were not found in apo E4 groups. Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C levels were negatively associated with V̇O2max (r = −0.39; P < 0.05) only in women homozygotes for apo E3 whereas V̇O2max was positively correlated with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)2-C levels only in men (r = 0.51; P < 0.001) and women (r = 0.65; P < 0.001) who were apo E3 homozygotes. A control for concomitant association with body fat mass and glucose intolerance performed by partial correlation analyses revealed that, with the exception of the plasma HDL2-C levels in the apo E3 homozygotes, most of the significant associations between V̇O2max (mL·kg−1·min−1) and plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels were mediated by concomitant variation in body fatness and glucose tolerance. Conclusions: These results suggest that the magnitude of the relationships between V̇O2max and plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels is influenced by the apo E polymorphism. Thus, apo E2 carriers may be particularly responsive to improved fitness, thereby preventing the development of hypertriglyceridemia and type III dyslipoproteinemia.