Cardiovascular effects of a novel, potent and selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, DMPPO: in vitro and in vivo characterization

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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of a novel, potent and specific phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5) inhibitor, 1,3 dimethyl‐6‐(2‐propoxy‐5‐methane sulphonylamidophenyl)‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐(5H)‐one (DMPPO) in phenylephrine‐precontracted rat aortic rings and different in vivo rat preparations. DMPPO elicited a concentration‐dependent relaxation of rat aortic rings with functional endothelium. DMPPO‐induced relaxation was abolished by endothelium removal or pretreatment with the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue (10 μm). In aortic rings without endothelium, the potency (pD2 = ‐log10 EC50) of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to induce relaxation increased from 8.13 ± 0.05 in the absence of DMPPO to 8.32 ± 0.05 and 8.52 ± 0.08 in the presence of 30 nM and 100 nM DMPPO, respectively. Similarly, the potency of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in inducing relaxation increased from 7.38 ± 0.07 in the absence of the PDE 5 inhibitor to 8.07 ± 0.11 and 8.15 ± 0.08 in the presence of 30 nM and 100 nM DMPPO, respectively. In contrast, relaxation to the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, was unchanged by DMPPO (100μm). In rings without endothelium, DMPPO (100 nM) increased by 2.5 fold intracellular levels of guanosine 3′:5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP). Moreover, DMPPO (100 nM) potentiated the increases in cyclic GMP levels induced by ANP (30 nM) by 3 fold and SNP (30 nM) by 2.7 fold. Adenosine 3′:5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels were not modified by DMPPO. In anaesthetized normotensive or spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), DMPPO (2 and 5 mg kg−1, i.v.) lowered blood pressure without affecting heart rate. Similarly, in conscious SHR, orally administered DMPPO (5 mg kg−1) induced a 25 mmHg decrease in blood pressure for at least 7 h without modifying heart rate. Meanwhile, urinary cyclic GMP was increased by 50% whereas cyclic AMP remained unchanged. In normotensive anaesthetized rats, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (i.v. bolus) induced a decrease in blood pressure which rapidly returned to baseline. In DMPPO (1 mg kg−1, i.v.)‐treated rats, the hypotensive effects of SNP (10 to 100 μg kg−1) were prolonged over time whereas the peak effect was unchanged. In pithed rats, phenylephrine (i.v. bolus) induced dose‐dependent increases in blood pressure. Pretreatment with DMPPO (5 mg kg−1, i.v.) partially inhibited the pressor response to phenylephrine (0.3 to 100 μg kg−1). In conclusion, the potent and selective PDE 5 inhibitor, DMPPO, produces relaxation in isolated vessels in the presence of a cyclic GMP drive and reduces blood pressure of intact animals. Its high oral bioavailability and long duration of action should make it a useful tool to study the role of cyclic GMP in various biological systems.