Toxicities of Three Synthetic Pyrethroids and Selected Orchard Insecticides to the Tufted Apple Budmoth, Platynota ideausalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)1

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Abstract
Laboratory tests using residue exposure methods showed that the synthetic pyrethroids permethrin, fenvalerate, and flucythrinate were highly toxic to tufted apple budmoth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), larvae. Piperonyl butoxide used in conjunction with the pyrethroids showed neither synergistic nor antagonistic action for larvae of P. ideausalis or redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker). Field-laboratory tests with residues of permethrin and 5 nonpyrethroid insecticides showed that chlorpyrifos was the most toxic to neonate and 7-day-old P. idaeusalis larvae. All treatments gave poor larval mortality (≤65%) at 15-day posttreatment assay, and none of the insecticide residues was toxic to the egg. Laboratory tests using residue methods for eight nonpyrethroid insecticides showed chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl, and methomyl to be most toxic to 9-day-old P. idaeusalis larvae. Laboratory tests for ovicidal activity of azinphosmethyl, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, and permethrin showed that none of the treatment residues was toxic to the egg and only methomyl was toxic by contact.