Dark and Light Pits on (111) Surface of Copper

Abstract
Dislocation etch pits formed by chemical etching on (111) surface of copper sometimes appear as two different kinds of pits, dark and light, at the observation by an optical microscope. Possible kinds of dislocations corresponding to these have been investigated. Various observations have shown that dark and light pits formed by a modified Young's etchant correspond to screw and edge dislocations, respectively. On the other hand, those formed by Livingston's etchant correspond to edge dislocations with positive and negative signs, as already shown by Livingston. It has also been shown that pits at screw dislocations formed by the latter etchant have dark appearances. Some suggestions are made about the mechanism to bring about the different kinds of pits.

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