Influence of Adjuvants on the Efficacy, Absorption, and Spray Retention of Primisulfuron

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Abstract
The effect of methylated seed oil (MSO), the organosilicone adjuvant DC-X2-5394, and ammonium sulfate on the efficacy, absorption, and spray retention of primisulfuron applied alone or with atrazine, dicamba, and bentazon to shattercane and giant foxtail was evaluated. Primisulfuron efficacy on both species was reduced by the three tank-mix combinations. Atrazine antagonism was not explained by decreases in foliar absorption and/or spray retention. Reductions in primisulfuron absorption and/or foliar spray retention appeared to cause bentazon antagonism on both weeds and dicamba antagonism on shattercane. MSO, DC-X2-5394, and ammonium sulfate completely reversed dicamba and bentazon antagonism on shattercane and partially reversed bentazon antagonism on giant foxtail by increasing foliar absorption and/or spray retention. Compared with non-ionic surfactant, MSO and DC-X2-5394 consistently increased giant foxtail control with primisulfuron by increasing foliar absorption and/or spray retention.