The calculation of surface temperature and albedo of Arctic sea ice from AVHRR

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Abstract
The temperature and albedo distributions of Arctic sea ice are calculated from images obtained from the AVHRR satellite sensor. The temperature estimate uses a split window correction incorporating regression coefficients appropriate for the arctic atmosphere. The albedo estimate is found assuming a clear and dry atmosphere. Both estimates are made with published correction techniques. Inherent errors due to the uncertainty of the atmospheric interference produced by humidity, aerosols, and diamond dust are judged to be 2–5°C in surface temperature and 0.10–0.20 in surface albedo. Cloudy regions are masked out manually using data from all five channels. The relationship between temperature and albedo is shown for a sample scene. A simple model of a surface composed of only cold, bright ice and warm, dark water is inadequate. Model calculations based on the surface energy balance allow us to relate albedo and temperature to ice thickness and snow-cover thickness and to further assess the accuracy of the surface estimates.

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