Dimensions of Transvestism and Transsexualism

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Abstract
A 55 item questionnaire was developed to assess cross-genderism in adult males. The subjects were a nonclinical sample of 518 self-described heterosexual transvestites, 78 marginal transvestites ("borderline transsexuals"), and 86 transsexuals living full-time as women. Using factor analyses, several hypotheses were tested concerning the factorial structure of cross-genderism. The best solution was a model wherein cross-genderism was seen as consisting of four correlated but independent factors: Cross-gender Identity, Cross-gender Feminization, Cross-gender Social/Sexual Role, and Cross-gender Sexual Arousal. Procedurally, 692 subjects were randomly divided into validation and cross-validation samples of equal size. A series of exploratory analyses and item selection processes was followed by a replication using the cross-validation sample; the replication results were nearly identical. Scale reliabilities were satisfactory as were three tests of goodness-of-fit for the four factor solution. Partial validation evidence was based on analyses of variance showing that each of the four factor means scores differs significantly across three self-reported levels of cross-genderism (transvestites, marginal transvestites, and transsexuals).

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