14C fixation, metabolic labeling patterns, and translocation profiles during leaf development in Populus deltoides

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Abstract
The incorporation of photosynthetically fixed 14CO2 and the distribution of 14C among the main chemical constituents of laminae and petioles were examined in cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) leaves ranging in age from Leaf Plastochron Index (LPI) 3 (about one-quarter to one-third expanded) to LPI 30 (beginning of senescence). In addition, carbon flow among chemical fractions and translocation from leaves of LPI 7 and 14 were examined periodically up to 24 h after labeling. Specific activity of 14C (on dry-weight basis) increased in developing laminae to full leaf expansion, decreased in the mature leaves to LPI 16, then remained constant to LPI 30. In developing leaves (LPI 3-5), after 2 h, most of the 14C was found in protein, pigments, lipids, and other structural and metabolic components necessary for cell development; only 28% was in the sugar fraction of the lamina. In fully expanded leaves (LPI 6-8), after 2 h, the sugar fraction contained 50–60% and about 90% of fixed 14C in the lamina and the petiole, respectively. In a pulsechase “kinetic series” with recently mature leaves, 60% of the 14C was found in the sugar fraction after 15 min of 14CO2 fixation. Over the 24-h translocation period, 14C decreased in sugars to 23% and increased in the combined residue fraction (protein, starch, and structural carbohydrates) to about 60% of the total activity left in the lamina. Within 24 h after labeling, the turnover of 14C-organic acids,-sugar, and-amino acids (either metabolzed or translocated from the leaf) was 30, 70 and 80%, respectively, of that initially incorporated into these fractions by a leaf at LPI 7 (turnover was 55% of 14C-organic acids, 80% of 14C-sugar, and 95% of 14C-amino acids at LPI 14). Anatomical maturity in cottonwood leaves is closely correlated with physiological maturity and with production of translocatable sugar.