Expression of transforming growth factor-β isoforms in the rat male accessory sex organs and epididymis

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Abstract
We studied the expression and distribution of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms in the rat male accessory sex glands and the epididymis. Our data demonstrate the expression of both TGF-β1 and -β3 isoforms in ventral prostate (VP), seminal vesicle (SV), coagulating gland (CG), and epididymis (E) by Northern blot analysis. In addition, there was differential expression of TGF-β3 in the three regions of epididymis, the corpus region being the highest. Immunostaining data showed intense staining for latent TGF-β1 in all the male accessory glands. In contrast, no staining using antibodies specific for active TGF-β1 was observed. No expression of TGF-β2 was evident either by immunohistochemistry or Northern blot analysis. The presence of mature TGF-β3 protein was observed in the secretory epithelium of VP, CG, and corpus E. There was no detectable staining of TGF-β3 in the seminal vesicle and caput and cauda regions of epididymis. These data suggest possible differential regulation of TGF-β isoform expression in the male reproductive system and predict unique roles for individual TGF-β isoforms in sperm maturation and maintenance.

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