Water at the Interface

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Abstract
The subject of moisture-induced failure in glass-resin composite materials is reviewed. Emphasis is given to the fundamental surface chemistry and fracture mechanics involved. These disciplines offer substantial information about water adsorption on polar solids, including glass, and about the fracture of solids. However, this information is shown to be inadequate in describing the mechanisms involved in the failure of glass-resin materials. Some insight into these mechanisms is possible from various studies of the moisture-induced failure of bulk glass and adhesive/adherend systems. Also, some light is shed on moisture-induced failure by considering the empirical methods used to improve composite wet-strength, especially the use of silane adhesion promoters. Recent research on the silanes suggests that their action may involve a modification of the resin in the vicinity of the glass/resin interface.

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