Effects of magnetic history on the domain structure of small NiFe shapes

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Abstract
Buckled domain structures, usually with charge on both surfaces and domain walls, are created after applying a large field (historic field Ĥh) to rectangles and other odd-shaped elements and returning to the remnant state. The type of domain structure can be predicted by imposing the boundary condition that Ĥh⋅ Medge ≥0, where Medge is the magnetization at the edge of the shape. The origin of the boundary condition comes from the high demagnetizing energy necessary to reverse the magnetization at the edges of a thin film. Details of the metastable state are determined by wall and anisotropy energies as well as the demagnetizing energy from surface and domain wall charging.