II. Further observations on the helium II film by an optical method

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Abstract
Further studies of the helium film have been made using the optical method of Burge and Jackson. Evidence has been obtained that there is a film of helium I at 2·3° k about 10 atoms thick, but accurate values of this thickness have not yet been obtained. It has been shown that the thickness of the creeping film of helium II does not change when the volume of liquid flowing per second in the film decreases considerably and that the thickness is equal to that of the stationary film under the same conditions. Bulk liquid is seen to form when the helium II film flows on to a surface (i) which is below the highest liquid level and (ii) which has a perimeter smaller than that which controls the rate of creep. The bulk liquid returns to the film if the latter then flows on to a surface with a perimeter at least as great as the controlling perimeter.

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