Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by In Situ Produced and Semipurified Bacteriocins of Carnobacterium spp. on Vacuum-Packed, Refrigerated Cold-Smoked Salmon

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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes inhibition by Carnobacterium strains and crude bacteriocins on sterile and commercial vacuum-packed cold-smoked salmon stored at 4°C and 8°C was investigated. Carnobacterium piscicola V1 was bactericidal against L. monocytogenes at the two temperatures, whereas Carnobacterium divergens V41 presented a bacteriostatic effect. C. piscicola SF668 delayed L. monocytogenes growth at 8°C and had a bacteriostatic effect at 4°C. Listeria growth was not affected by a non–bacteriocin-producing C. piscicola. Crude extracts of piscicocins were bactericidal at 4°C and 8°C. Listeria growth was delayed by divercin V41 at 8°C and was inhibited at 4°C. Nisin delayed Listeria growth at 8°C and was bacteriostatic at 4°C. The present study demonstrates that L. monocytogenes growth could be prevented on vacuum-packed cold-smoked salmon by Carnobacterium and associated bacteriocins at chilled temperatures. Moreover, no product spoilage could be observed with the use of such bacteriocin-producing strains as demonstrated by good sensorial analyses and low biogenic amine production.

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