Renal Cell Carcinoma with Intracaval Tumor Thrombus Extending to the Diaphragm: Ultrasonography and Surgical Management

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Abstract
We describe the successful management of a patient with intracaval extension of renal cell carcinoma to the level of the diaphragm. Ultrasonography delineated clearly the upper extent of the tumor thrombus and revealed no invasion of the vena caval wall at or above the entrance of the main hepatic veins. To prevent severe hypotension caused by intrapericardial control of the inferior vena cava, the aorta was clamped temporarily just above the celiac axis. The tumor was removed completely en bloc with the thrombus. Blood loss was minimal and the patient recovered promptly.