Adaptive behavior in males with fragile X syndrome

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Abstract
Adaptive behavior has long been a key component of the definition of mental retardation. However, research on these important skills in fragile X and other genetic syndromes is just under way, having taken a back seat to studies using mixed etiologic groups. Further, adaptive behavior is complex, and measurements of these skills must have a developmental orientation, apply to multiple life settings, and reflect typical as opposed to optimal performance. After reviewing these features, this article highlights three areas of adaptive functioning in males with fragile X syndrome: profiles, trajectories, and adaptive behavior‐IQ relations. Many males with fragile X show relative strengths in domestic and personal chores of daily living, or so‐called “practical” intelligence. Whereas age‐related gains in adaptive skills are often seen in boys, particularly during the preschool years, adolescents and adults seem to have relative stable adaptive age scores and declines in adaptive standard scores. Such developmental courses may parallel the IQ trajectory often seen in males with fragile X syndrome. The need for further adaptive research is emphasized, particularly in light of the critical role these skills play in the ultimate life success of individuals with mental retardation.

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