The growth of carnation plantlets in vitro cultured photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically on different media.

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Abstract
Plantlets ofDaianthus caryophyllusL. were cultured on a half strength MS basal medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) with 2% sucrose and an Enshi component of nutrient solution for hydroponics (Hori, 1966) without sucrose in vessels with different numbers of air exchanges per hour of vessels under different PPF (photosynthetic photon flux) conditions. Time courses of fresh and dry weights, number of leaves, plantlet shoot length, and CO2concentrations inside and outside the vessels were measured. The relative growth rate, net photosynthetic rate, and total chlorophyll content of the plantlets were estimated. The final fresh weight of the plantlets was the highest on sucrose-free Enshi medium with a high number of air exchange and high PPF, and was the lowest on the same medium with a low number of air exchange and low PPF. The results obtained in the present experiment suggest the need to develop a basal medium composition optimal for photoautotrophic tissue culture. Because, the optimal basal media for photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic growth appears to be different from those developed for heterotrophic growth of tissue or organ, such as MS basal medium.

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