Perception of Impossible Limb Positions Induced by Tendon Vibration

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Abstract
When the wrist flexor muscle is vibrated and the wrist is passively extended to a position close to its anatomical limit, the hand is felt to be bent to a position about 29 degrees beyond its maximum operating range. The mechanism of position sense must in this case be operating on the basis of extrapolation. Ambiguity of sensed position can occur in this situation. Some subjects, when opposing the vibration-induced contraction of bicepts, report experiencing multiple forearms.