A mechanism for the formation of twins in evaporated face-centred cubic metal films

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Abstract
Face-centred cubic metal films that are prepared by evaporation onto sodium chloride contain numerous micro-twins. It is suggested that these twins are formed when two nuclei, which happen to be approximately twins of one another, coalesce and rotate into precisely twin relationship. The rotation takes place in a manner similar to the rotation of nuclei into parallel alignment that was observed by Bassett. It is shown that this mechanism is consistent with the mode of growth of films, and with the size, shape and arrangement of the twins. The mechanism is also able to account for the formation of twins early in film growth, for the rarity of twins of twins, and for the presence of the {112} orientation observed by Gottsche and Kehoe.