Analysis of the FoodNet case-control study of sporadicSalmonellaserotype Enteritidis infections using persons infected with otherSalmonellaserotypes as the comparison group

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Abstract
Use of well persons as the comparison group for laboratory-confirmed cases of sporadic salmonellosis may introduce ascertainment bias into case-control studies. Data from the 1996–1997 FoodNet case-control study of laboratory-confirmedSalmonellaserogroups B and D infection were used to estimate the effect of specific behaviours and foods on infection withSalmonellaserotype Enteritidis (SE). Persons with laboratory-confirmedSalmonellaof other serotypes acted as the comparison group. The analysis included 173 SE cases and 268 non-SE controls. SE was associated with international travel, consumption of chicken prepared outside the home, and consumption of undercooked eggs prepared outside the home in the 5 days prior to diarrhoea onset. SE phage type 4 was associated with international travel and consumption of undercooked eggs prepared outside the home. The use of ill controls can be a useful tool in identifying risk factors for sporadic cases ofSalmonella.