Short-Course Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis with Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome)

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Abstract
We evaluatedliposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome; Vestar, San Dimas, CAl administered to 88 immunocompetent patients (56 children) with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum. Thirteen patients received 4 mglkg on days 1–5 and 10 (total dose, 24 mglkg), and all were cured; 42 received 3 mglkg on days 1–5 and 10 (18 mglkg), and 41 were cured; 32 received 3 mglkg on days 1–4 and 10 (15 mglkg), and 29 were cured (amastigotes were not cleared from 1 child, and 2 relapsed). One adult was cured with a total dose of 12 mglkg. The four children who were not cured received 3 mg/kg for 10 days; none had further relapses. There were no significant adverse events. For VL due to L. infanturn, we recommend a total dose of AmBisome of ⩾20 mg/kg, given in ⩾5 doses of 3–4 mglkg over ⩾10 days.

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