Induced angular momentum and gauge invariance

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Abstract
We give a detailed analysis of the eduction of gauge invariance in our calculation of induced angular momentum (2+1)-dimensional QED. We present a detailed account of the trace-identity calculation of induced angular momentum. We give a general procedure for constructing gauge-covariant operators from those which are defined at only one point of the gauge orbit. Finally we give a critical analysis of other calculations of induced angular momentum and the controversy that has arisen over them.