Genetic and Environmental Influences on Susceptibility to Acephate in Sweetpotato Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

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Abstract
The effects of genotype, host plant, and age on susceptibility to acephate in the B biotype of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) were examined. Offspring of adults collected from a frequently treated site and an infrequently treated site in Hawaii were reared in the laboratory on pole bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.; tomato, Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.; and zucchini, Cucurbita pepo L. Seven- and 14-d-old adult offspring from each host plant were tested for susceptibility to acephate in 12 laboratory bioassays (2 colonies × 3 hosts × 2 ages). Twenty-fold differences in LC50 between colonies with environmental conditions held constant indicated a genetically based resistance to acephate. Host plant had no significant effect on susceptibility to acephate. The LC50 of 7-d-old adults was consistently double the LC50 of 14-d-old adults. Although the 95% confidence limits of LC50 overlapped in pairwise comparisons between age classes, ANOVA showed that the effect of age was highly significant. Results suggest that differences in LC50 that are ≥10-fold are likely to be based partly, if not entirely, on genetic differences. Much additional work is needed to determine if the results are broadly applicable. We encourage use of ANOVA in future studies because it provides simple and direct tests for overall effects of genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction.

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