Heteroaromatic rings as substituents. Part I. Evaluation of σ- and σ–-constants of 2- and 3-thienyl groups

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Abstract
The ionization constants of p- and m-2- and -3-thienyl-benzoic acids and -phenols have been determined in aqueous ethanol at 25 °C. The substituent constants σp, σm, σp –, and σ– m for 2-thienyl and 3-thienyl groups have then been calculated from the Hammett equation.