NEPHROPTOSIS

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Abstract
Since the improvement of cystoscopic and x-ray table technic, nephroptosis has been commonly demonstrated. Not all ptosed kidneys give symptoms, but the clinical picture presenting a complex train of complaints referable to the urinary, gastro-intestinal, biliary and nervous systems should lead the physician to consider seriously the diagnosis of nephroptosis. Historians remind us of the waves of popularity of this diagnosis. This is true. Previous to 1900, the literature was full of articles dealing little with the treatment and much with the diagnosis. Kidneys were cut, slashed, deprived of their capsules, pierced by various absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures, surrounded by rubber bands and wicks or supported several weeks by wads of gauze, so that they became badly infected and their function undoubtedly was impaired. Such was the crude treatment of many already unhappy kidneys. During the past thirty years there has been a distinct advance in the diagnosis of urologic

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