Risk of Hospitalization for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding Associated With Ketorolac, Other Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Calcium Antagonists, and Other Antihypertensive Drugs
Open Access
- 12 January 1998
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Medical Association (AMA) in Archives of internal medicine (1960)
- Vol. 158 (1) , 33-39
- https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.1.33
Abstract
APPROXIMATELY 30 million patients worldwide take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) every day. In addition to their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, NSAIDs have unwanted effects on the upper gastrointestinal tract, mainly by inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX).1 The gastroduodenal injury ranges from dyspepsia to fatal upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding (UGIB) and perforation. Many epidemiologic studies have shown that NSAIDs increase the risk of peptic ulcer bleeding 3- to 5-fold.2,3 Ketorolac tromethamine is an NSAID that has attracted the attention of a number of regulatory bodies after the reporting of fatal cases of gastrointestinal tract bleeding.4 A recent meta-analysis assessed the relative risk (RR) of UGIB associated with individual NSAIDs5; however, the effect of ketorolac could not be analyzed because of lack of information in the original studies.This publication has 4 references indexed in Scilit:
- Variability in risk of gastrointestinal complications with individual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: results of a collaborative meta-analysisBMJ, 1996
- Risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage with calcium antagonists in hypertensive persons over 67 years oldThe Lancet, 1996
- New insights into the mode of action of anti-inflammatory drugsInflammation Research, 1995
- GASTRODUODENAL TOXICITY OF DIFFERENT NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGSEpidemiology, 1995