Magnetically dilute metallic glasses. I.3dmoments

Magnetic-susceptibility and high-field magnetization measurements are presented for amorphous ${\mathrm{Zr}}_{40}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{50}{M}_{10}$ ($M$ denoting Fe, Mn) and ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{50}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{50-x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_x$, with $x$ ranging from zero to about ten. Curie-Weiss fits to the susceptibility data were made to determine effective moments $p_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and paramagnetic Weiss temperatures, $\ominus$. The small values of $p_{\mathrm{eff}}$ suggest the presence of moment instabilities depending on local environment, and the negative $\ominus$ values suggest antiferromagnetic local-moment-conduction-electron interactions. The Fe alloys develop hysteresis at low temperatures indicating the presence of a magnetically ordered state. These alloys can be characterized as cluster glasses because of the apparent importance of magnetic clusters and the development of an ordered state of spin-glass character. However, the Mn alloys show no evidence of magnetic order down to 1.3 K.