Blood pressure, hematocrit values, serum total protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels within one month before stroke were studied in an attempt to reassess the risk factors for cerebrovascular disease in the aged. The materials were composed of 61 autopsy cases older than 60 years who succumed to fatal cerebrovascular disease ; 27 cases with cerebral hemorrhage and 34 cases with cerebral infarction. Control materials consisted of 450 consecutive autopsy cases without cerebrovascular disease. The results were as follows. 1) The average of systolic pressure was significantly higher in cerebral hemorrhage than in controls. The average of systolic pressure was higher in cerebral infarction than in controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no difference in the average of diastolic pressure among these three groups of cases. 2) The average of hematocrit values was significantly higher in cerebral infarction than in cerebral hemorrhage and controls. 3) The average of serum total protein levels was significantly higher in cerebral hemorrhage than in cerebral infarction and controls. 4) The average of serum cholesterol levels was significantly higher in cerebral infarction than in controls. The average of serum triglyceride levels was higher in cerebral infarction than in control, though the difference was not significant statistically. It was concluded that systolic hypertension was associated with the increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage and that patients with elevations of hematocrit values or serum cholesterol levels were at a higher risk for cerebral infarction.