Controversy Biomechanical Testing of the Spine

Abstract
Mechanical testing of the spine can be carried out in either a load-controlled or a displacement-controlled manner. Each method requires certain assumptions and offers different advantages. Dr. W. Thomas Edwards believes that displacement-controlled testing most accurately reflects the in vivo environment, while Drs. Vijay Goel, David Wilder, and Malcolm Popa support the use of the load-controlled method as most logical and easily standardized.

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