DNA Sequences Regulating Human Globin Gene Transcription in Nondeletional Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin
- 1 January 1989
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Hemoglobin
- Vol. 13 (6) , 523-541
- https://doi.org/10.3109/03630268908993104
Abstract
Strong genetic evidence supports the idea that point mutations in the promoter of γ-globin genes overexpressed in adult age [hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH)] are responsible for the observed phenotype. DNA binding sites for ubiquitous and/or erythroid specific nuclear proteins correlate in location with the positions of point mutations responsible for HPFH. The analysis of the effects of one of these mutations (−175 T°C) on in vitro binding of nuclear proteins and on the activity of the mutated promoter in transfection assays indicates that altered binding of the erythroid-specific protein NFE-1 may be responsible for increased activity of the mutated promoter. Other HPFH mutations close to the distal CCAAT box (−117 G→A and 13 nucleotide deletions, -114 to -102) have complex effects on in vitro binding of nuclear proteins; their only common effect is the loss of binding of the erythroid-specific factor NFE3. If mechanisms generating the HPFH phenotype are homogeneous, NFE3 might be a negatively acting factor; alternatively, heterogeneous mechanisms might operate and HPFH might additionally be related to loss of binding to the distal CCAAT box region of either NFE1 (−117 HPFH) or of the ubiquitous CCAAT displacement protein-CDP (13 nucleotides deletion).Keywords
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