In situ femoropopliteal and distal vein bypass for limb salvage—experience of 50 cases

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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the in situ technique of saphenous vein femoropopliteal (and femorotibial) bypass for limb salvage, and to compare it with the reversed vein method of bypass. In our 3-year study, we have operated on 50 cases resulting in a graft patency and limb salvage rate of 78 per cent at 18 months and 72 per cent overall. There was a 2 per cent perioperative and 10 per cent overall mortality. Graft thrombosis was associated with a variety of factors, mostly notably a small vein (< 4 mm), a low calf vessel anastomosis, wound sepsis and progressive proximal (inflow) disease. However, the strongest correlation was that between graft thrombosis and the extent of distal disease, as 11 of 12 cases with thrombosed grafts had grade 2 or 3 run-off. In our experience the in situ technique offers haemodynamic and technical advantages over the reversed vein method of performing straightforward femoropopliteal bypass. Moreover, the in situ technique has wider application in that it allows a smaller vein (> 2·5 mm) to be used and also makes anastomosis to a small calf vessel easier. In this series, 16 per cent of cases would have been considered unsuitable for the reversed vein method if 4 mm was accepted as the lower limit of size for a reversed vein graft.