11βOH-Progesterone Affects Vascular Glucocorticoid Metabolism and Contractile Response

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Abstract
Abstract Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contains a bidirectional isoform of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD), the enzyme that can metabolize endogenous glucocorticoids to their respective 11-dehydro derivatives. 11βOH-progesterone (11βOH-P), a compound that can be produced in vivo, is as potent or more potent than licorice derivatives in inhibiting renal and hepatic 11β-HSD. When studied in homogenates prepared from primary cultures of rat VSM, 11βOH-P and its derivative, 11-keto-progesterone (11-keto-P), proved to be potent, directionally specific inhibitors of vascular 11β-HSD. 11βOH-P selectively inhibited the forward dehydrogenase reaction (corticosterone→11-dehydrocorticosterone), whereas 11-keto-P selectively blocked the reverse oxidoreductase reaction. To test the physiological effects, vascular rings were prepared from rat aorta. Rings were incubated in culture media containing either a submaximal concentration of corticosterone (10 nmol/L), 11-dehydrocorticosterone (100 nmol/L), 11βOH-P (1 μmol/L), 11-keto-P (1 μmol/L), or a combination of glucocorticoid and inhibitor for 24 hours. After the 24-hour incubation, rings were briefly stimulated sequentially with phenylephrine (10 nmol/L to 1 μmol/L) and angiotensin II (1 μmol/L). The immediate contractile response in rings incubated with both corticosterone and 11βOH-P was greater than in rings previously incubated with either the corticosterone or 11βOH-P alone (eg, response to 100 nmol/L phenylephrine in milligrams of force, mean±SE: corticosterone, 728±56, n=9; 11βOH-P, 325±105, n=4; both, 1132±122, n=8; corticosterone versus both, P <.01). In contrast, the immediate contractile responses to phenylephrine and to angiotensin II were attenuated in rings exposed previously to both 11-dehydrocorticosterone and 11-keto-P. Thus, 11βOH-P and 11-keto-P (and possibly structurally similar compounds) alter the vascular effects of glucocorticoids and may play a role in glucocorticoid-induced hypertension.