Combined sapphire oscillator – hydrogen maserfrequency standard

Abstract
An attempt has been made to create a superior frequency standard by combining the excellent short term frequency stability of a sapphire oscillator with the long-term stability of a hydrogen maser. The combined frequency standard closely follows the hydrogen maser in the long term and has good stability at short integration times, although it falls short of the actual sapphire oscillator stability due to phase noise in the hydrogen maser output signal.

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