A Directed Ecosystem Approach to Pest Control and Environmental Quality

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Abstract
Problems and opportunities in integrated pest control programs are outlined with primary emphasis on agronomic inputs; basic ecological concepts are reviewed in the context of the disturbed environments in which crops are grown for food and fiber. Particular attention is given to the interrelationship of crop management and plant breeding with other biological control measures, such as exclusion and the use of predators and parasites. The origin of environmental concerns is reviewed together with possible approaches that will aid in solving complex pest control problems. Recognition is given to the need for utilizing existing information on biological control, improving the effectiveness of agricultural chemicals, developing new approaches and improving existing methods of biological pest control, and integrating all components into systems for individual crops and cropping systems.

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