The patellar tendon: thickening, internal signal buckling, and other MR variants

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Abstract
We studied the range of appearance of asymptomatic patellar tendons and evaluated the effect of age, weight, joint effusions, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears on this tendon. One hundred and seventy-three patellar tendons in asymptomatic patients were studied at 1.5 tesla. Sagittal short and long TE images were evaluated in regard to tendon thickness, ratio of thickness of patellar to quadriceps tendons, frequency, location, and severity of intratendon signal, and frequency and severity of tendon buckling. Results were correlated with patient age, sex, weight, the presence of ACL tears, and relative volumes of joint fluid. The mean thickness of the patellar tendon was 0.52 cm. The patellar to quadriceps tendon ratio was 0.72. The patellar tendon frequently (74%) had focal areas of signal apparently within it. This signal was usually subtle, V-shaped (95%), and seen posteriorly in the proximal end of the tendon (82%). Intratendon signal was also seen commonly in the inferior aspect of the tendon (32%). This signal intensity did not increase with greater T2-weighting (99%). Buckling of the patellar tendon was a frequent asymptomatic variant (71%) but was also associated with joint effusions (p<0.01) and ACL tears (p=0.01). Buckling, intratendon signal, and tendon thickness increased with weight and age. Variation of the magnetic resonance appearance of the patellar tendon is frequent. Many of these changes appear to represent subclinical degeneration. Buckling of this tendon also may occur secondary to joint effusions or ACL tears.