Mortality of the Immature Stages of Rhinocyllus conicus , 1 a Thistle Head Weevil, in Virginia 2

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Abstract
Mortality of pre-adult Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich on musk thistle ( Carduus nutans L.) at Pulaski, Va., in 1972 was 68.0%. The range in mortality at 11 sampling sites was 56.6–95.8%; greater losses occurred in open, unsheltered pasture. Egg and early instar larval mortality (58.3%) resulted primarily from egg destruction by wind and rain. Mortality of late instar larvae and pupae (9.7%) was partially attributable to parasitism (3.6%) by Aliolus curculionis (Fitch), Bracon mellitor (Say), and Campoplex polychrosidis Viereck. Some loss of larvae and pupae was caused by crowding.

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