Abstract
A typical cooling water system for a steam plant is described, along with possible variations in intake and discharge designs. Biological implications are discussed in view of known physical parameters at operating power plants. Some studies at thermal power plants operated by Pacific Gas and Electric Company in California are reviewed. The P G and E approach to nuclear thermal plant siting in California consists of consultation and agreements with state regulatory and resource agencies, and with conservation groups, before a site is developed. Predictions of the impact of the plant on the ecosystem are made by ecological studies combined with temperature predictions.

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