Influence of environmental factors on the numbers and activity of wintering Lapwings and Golden Plovers

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Abstract
Variations in the numbers and activity of Lapwings Vanellus vanellus and Golden Plovers Pluvialis apricaria using 322 ha of lowland farmland were examined in relation to temperature, rainfall, wind speed and moonphase. The study was undertaken over two winters (1987/88 and 1988/89), with maximum counts of 4000 Lapwings and 820 Golden Plovers. Patterns of occupancy of the study area and seasonal occurrence are described. Temperature and the phase of the lunar cycle seemed to be particularly important in affecting the distribution and activity of the birds. More Lapwings occurred in the study area on the colder and on the wetter days in several months, and also around the full moon period when feeding activity was particularly prevalent. A higher proportion of Lapwings tended to feed on colder days and around the new moon period, while daytime loafing increased around the full moon period. These results support the ideas that birds need to feed more in cold conditions, when energy demands are high, and that night feeding frequently occurs during the full moon period, although the reasons for this remain unclear.

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