Distributions of the hyphae in kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus, infected with Fusarium solani.

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Abstract
Anatomical and histological studies were made on the distributions of Fusarium solani in kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus, which were naturally and experimentally infected with the fungus. Hyphae and tissue destruction due to fungal infection were observed in the gills of all the naturally and experimentally infected shrimps examined. They were also frequently observed in the maxillipeds, pereiopods, thoracic body wall, thoracic central nerve and occasionally in the ventral thoracic artery. Hyphae were seldom or never observed in the other organs examined. The gill conditions of the dead or moribund shrimps could be classified into the following two types. 1) Entirely blackened gill. This condition was observed mainly in the shrimps which died within a short period after infection. All the gills were severely infected with the fungus and blackened. The gill tissues were degenerated and the hemal channels were obstructed with hemocytes, hyphae and tissue debris. Failure of gas exchange in the gills was thought to be the main cause of death in this condition. 2) Partialy blackened gill. This condition was observed in the shrimps which died long after infection. Most of the gills were partially affected with the fungus and blackened. Destruction of the gill filaments was rather rare, but the fungus penetrated into the thoracic body wall which collapsed. The hyphae infected further the thoracic central nerve and ventral thoracic artery. In this condition, in addition to respiratory failure damage of the central nerve and the ventral thoracic artery was thought to be responsible to death.

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